Niacin is more commonly known as nicotinamide in the biochemical
community and plays an important role in the biosynthesis of
pyridine nucleotides. This nitrogen heterocyclic biochemical is
combined in vivo with the nucleotide adenosine to
form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which serves as a
soluble electron carrier in biochemical reactions. Clinically, niacin serves to
maintain normal function of the digestive system, helps to reduce
cholesterol levels, and serves to reduce dizziness and ringing in
the ears. Niacin has been tested for its effects on
cardiovascular-disease risk factors in a number of major trials. In the
largest of these, the effect of niacin on cardiovascular endpoints was
studied. Symptoms associated with niacin deficiency include
general weakness and fatigue, loss of appetite, dermatitis, skin
lesions, a swollen tongue, diarrhea, mental confusion,
irritability, and, when the central nervous system is affected,
depression and mental disturbances. Megadoses of niacin have been
used experimentally in the treatment of schizophrenia, although no
experimental proof has been produced to show its efficacy. In
large amounts it reduces levels of cholesterol in the blood, and
it has been used extensively in preventing and treating
arteriosclerosis. Large doses over long periods cause liver
damage. Common sources
of niacin include cheese, beans, milk, meat, poultry, fish, eggs,
whole grains, and brewer's yeast.
Recommended Dietary Allowances: Men = 19 mg; Women = 15 mg; Pregnant Women = 17 mg
IMPORTANCE:- Improves circulation and reduces the cholesterol level in the blood
- maintains the nervous system
- helps metabolize protein, sugar & fat
- reduces high blood pressure
- increases energy through proper utilization of food
- prevents pellagra
- helps maintain a healthy skin, tongue & digestive system
- pellagra
- gastrointestinal disturbance
- nervousness
- headaches
- fatigue
- mental depression
- vague aches & pains
- irritability
- loss of appetite
- insomnia
- skin disorders
- muscular weakness
- indigestion
- bad breath
- canker sores
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